Introduction to commonly used general plastics, engineering plastics, and special plastics in automobiles
Release time:
2023-02-13
There are various types of plastics, and their applications in automobiles are divided into interior parts, exterior parts, and functional parts. According to the different usage characteristics of different types of plastics, plastics are usually divided into three types: general plastics, engineering plastics, and special plastics.
There are various types of plastics, and their applications in automobiles are divided into interior parts, exterior parts, and functional parts. According to the different usage characteristics of different types of plastics, plastics are usually divided into three types: general plastics, engineering plastics, and special plastics.
Generally, it refers to plastics with high production capacity, good formability, low price, and widespread use. General plastics include five major varieties: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), all of which are thermoplastic plastics.
① PP
Polypropylene, commonly known as 100 fold adhesive, is similar to white wax, transparent, lightweight, and has good flowability during injection molding, with a water absorption of less than 0.02%. The shrinkage rate of PP is 1.0-3.5%, and the appropriate thickness is 1.5-2.5mm. The widespread use of PP in the automotive industry mainly faces two problems: easy combustion (dripping of combustibles) and brittleness in low-temperature environments. To address these two issues, appropriate additives are added in industrial applications for PP modification. Flammable and add flame retardants; It is brittle in low temperature environments and is mainly modified and toughened by adding other ductile materials, rigid particles, or elastomers, such as rubber (EPDM), talc powder (TD), glass fiber (GF), etc. There are many automotive products made of PP resin, including various instrument panels, door guards, pillar guards, bumpers, water tanks, and decorative panels. There is an increasing trend in the application of PP in automobiles.
② PE
Polyethylene, one of the lightest plastics, is a semi transparent white waxy material with good water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, organic solvent resistance, and excellent electrical insulation. Shrinkage rate is 1.5-4.0%, with a suitable thickness of 1.0-2.5mm. The biggest drawback of PE as an automotive material is its ease of combustion. The simplest and most commonly used method is to add appropriate flame retardants to improve the combustion performance of PE. The main automotive products manufactured with PE include fuel tanks, air ducts, front seat decorative covers, air duct assemblies (HDPE), left and right ventilation duct assemblies, up and down wind vane connecting rods, left and right foot ventilation duct assemblies, etc.
③ PVC
Polyvinyl chloride, commonly known as PVC, is a multi-component plastic. Due to the different content of each component, various PVC particles with different mechanical properties and hardness are formed, which are generally divided into two categories: soft PVC and hard PVC. Shrinkage rate: 1-1.5% for hard PVC, 2-2.3% for soft PVC, with a suitable thickness of 2-3.5mm. The most commonly used plastic raw material in automotive plastic products is polyvinyl chloride. Automotive plastic products made of PVC plastic can be seen everywhere, including PVC instrument panel skin, PVC plastic steering wheel, PVC plastic lining plate, and PVC plastic car flooring material. This is not only because PVC resin is economically priced, but also has good processing and comprehensive mechanical properties.
④ PS
Polystyrene, commonly known as hard rubber, is a transparent glass like material with good flowability and no water absorption. Due to the brittleness of PS, it is often grafted and copolymerized with other substances, such as butadiene to form HIPS. The component contains rubber and is resistant to impact
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